Recently at work I have been struggling with building a small/minimized Docker container of a Go app I have been working on. I started with busybox but it has a major short coming… CA certificates. It isn’t trivial to get CA Certs on a busybox container. This problem effectively prevents you from using SSL or TLS with your app… This is a non-starter…
Enter Alpine
I was doing some reading and I have seen a couple articles mention Alpine, its effectively a slimmed down version of busybox but it makes it trivially easy to install packages, in my case CA Certificates! At this point I was really excited but I ran into some issues trying to compile the binary.
Solution
The solution is actually pretty simple, you need to build your Go app inside of a container and then copy the built container to your “production” Alpine image.
My solution uses the Makefile, there is different ways of doing this but this is the simplest.
The first addition to the Makefile is the following.
.PHONY: buildgo
buildgo:
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags "-s" -a -installsuffix cgo .
The above is intended to be run inside of a container but you can run it anywhere. What it does is builds a binary that is statically linked with CGO disabled so it uses the statically linked cgo binary on in the container. This is important as Alpine uses a custom lightweight subset of glibc called libc.
The next stanza you need for your Makefile actually builds two containers. One is your build container based on the golang image and then copies the binary to your Alpine container.
.PHONY: builddocker
builddocker:
docker build -t yourorg/yourproject-build -f ./Dockerfile.build .
docker run -t yourorg/yourproject-build /bin/true
docker cp `docker ps -q -n=1`:/go/src/github.com/yourorg/yourproject/yourproject .
chmod 755 ./yourproject
docker build -t yourorg/yourproject .
To make the above work you need two Docker files. They are below…
Note the following is assuming your depencies are already downloaded, I do this with a make task, make deps.
.PHONY: deps
deps:
glide install
This is nice/elegant as you don’t have to run this in the container so if you have private repo’s you don’t need to copy in ssh keys or GitHub tokens to download source code. Just make sure your don’t have a .dockerignore file as things in that file won’t be copied over…
Dockerfile.build
FROM golang:1.7.1
WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/yourorg/yourproject/
ADD . /go/src/github.com/yourorg/yourproject/
RUN make buildgo
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
Dockerfile
FROM alpine
COPY yourproject /go/bin/
RUN apk add --update --no-cache ca-certificates
ENV GOPATH /go
ENTRYPOINT ["/go/bin/yourproject"]
# Service listens on port 6969.
EXPOSE 6969
The above assumes your binary is named the same as your project name.
The magic in Dockerfile is the ability to install the CA certs with a single command.
Gotchas
The only issue with disabling CGO is that some functionality in go requires it, most notably is from the os/user package, the function user.Current() makes use of it to determine a user’s home directory. You might get an error like the following…
user: Current not implemented on linux/amd64
The Apache Mesos project ran into this, you can see their solution. Their solution does a shortcoming though with their looping… Check out my change in the Go library for IBM Softlayer. The pull PR is available here.
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